/**handles:q8ces-frontend,q8castle-base,q8castle-header,q8castle-footer,q8castle-single**/
.q8ces-edit-actions{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 18px}.q8ces-edit-action{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:9px 16px;border:1px solid #8bb9de;border-radius:999px;background:#eaf5fd;color:#12649a;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700}.q8ces-edit-action:hover{background:#dceffc}.q8ces-open{overflow:hidden}.q8ces-form[hidden],.q8ces-modal[hidden],.q8ces-preview[hidden]{display:none!important}.q8ces-modal{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:999999}.q8ces-modal__backdrop{position:absolute;inset:0;background:rgba(15,30,45,.48)}.q8ces-dialog{position:absolute;top:4vh;bottom:4vh;left:50%;width:min(1180px,94vw);transform:translateX(-50%);background:#fff;border-radius:14px;overflow:auto;box-shadow:0 24px 70px rgba(0,0,0,.28);direction:rtl}.q8ces-dialog__header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:14px 22px;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1}.q8ces-dialog__header h2{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:27px}.q8ces-dialog__header small{color:#72777d}.q8ces-dialog__close{width:38px;height:38px;display:grid;place-items:center;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-radius:50%;font-size:28px;text-decoration:none;color:#54595d}.q8ces-form{padding:16px 22px 24px}.q8ces-wiki-notice{margin-bottom:10px;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background:#f8f9fa;color:#202122;font-size:14px}.q8ces-source-textarea{display:block;width:100%;height:34vh;min-height:250px;max-height:430px;box-sizing:border-box;padding:14px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:0;background:#fff;color:#202122;resize:vertical;font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:15px;line-height:1.85;direction:rtl;text-align:right}.q8ces-source-textarea:focus{outline:2px solid #36c;outline-offset:-2px}.q8ces-source-editor label,.q8ces-summary-field,.q8ces-user-grid label{display:block}.q8ces-summary-field{margin-top:14px}.q8ces-source-editor label>span,.q8ces-summary-field span,.q8ces-user-grid label>span{display:block;margin-bottom:6px;font-weight:700}.q8ces-summary-field small,.q8ces-user-grid small{font-weight:400;color:#72777d}.q8ces-source-editor input,.q8ces-source-editor select,.q8ces-summary-field input,.q8ces-user-grid input{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px 11px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:2px;background:#fff}.q8ces-user-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px;margin-top:12px}.q8ces-captcha{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:12px 14px;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;margin-top:14px}.q8ces-captcha small,.q8ces-captcha strong{display:block}.q8ces-captcha strong{font-size:22px;margin-top:4px}.q8ces-captcha label{min-width:160px}.q8ces-captcha input[type=number]{width:100%;padding:9px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.q8ces-review-note{padding:10px 12px;background:#fff8e5;border:1px solid #f0c36d;margin:14px 0;color:#202122}.q8ces-actions{display:flex;gap:9px;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center}.q8ces-primary,.q8ces-secondary{padding:9px 16px;border-radius:2px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}.q8ces-primary{border:1px solid #36c;background:#36c;color:#fff}.q8ces-primary:hover{background:#2a4b8d}.q8ces-secondary{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background:#f8f9fa;color:#202122}.q8ces-message{margin:14px 22px 0;padding:11px 13px;border:1px solid}.q8ces-message.is-success{background:#f1f8f3;border-color:#31a354}.q8ces-message.is-error{background:#fff0f0;border-color:#d33}.q8ces-reference-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr;gap:16px}.q8ces-reference-list,.q8ces-source-editor{border:1px solid #c8ccd1;background:#fff}.q8ces-pane-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;padding:12px 14px;background:#f8f9fa;border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1}.q8ces-reference-list{max-height:52vh;overflow:auto}.q8ces-reference-list ol{padding:12px 42px;margin:0}.q8ces-reference-list li{padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0}.q8ces-reference-list a{display:block;direction:ltr;text-align:left;overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin-top:5px}.q8ces-source-editor{padding:16px}.q8ces-empty{padding:16px}.q8ces-honeypot{position:absolute!important;left:-9999px!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;opacity:0!important}@media(max-width:900px){.q8ces-dialog{top:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;transform:none;border-radius:0}.q8ces-dialog__header{padding:12px 14px}.q8ces-dialog__header h2{font-size:22px}.q8ces-form{padding:12px}.q8ces-source-textarea{height:38vh;min-height:240px;font-size:14px}.q8ces-reference-layout,.q8ces-user-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.q8ces-captcha{align-items:stretch;flex-direction:column}.q8ces-captcha label{min-width:0}.q8ces-actions{position:sticky;bottom:0;background:#fff;padding-top:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}}.q8ces-inline-sources{margin-top:14px;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;background:#f8f9fa}.q8ces-inline-sources__head{padding:10px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1}.q8ces-inline-sources__head small,.q8ces-inline-sources__head strong{display:block}.q8ces-inline-sources__head small{margin-top:4px;color:#72777d}.q8ces-sources-textarea{display:block;width:100%;height:120px;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px 12px;border:0;background:#fff;resize:vertical;direction:rtl;text-align:right;line-height:1.7}.q8ces-page-notice{max-width:1100px;margin:12px auto;padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #31a354;background:#f1f8f3;border-radius:8px;color:#1e4620}
:root{--q8-blue:#126f9d;--q8-blue-dark:#0b5276;--q8-navy:#071a2e;--q8-text:#202122;--q8-muted:#586873;--q8-border:#b9c7d0;--q8-border-light:#e1e8ec;--q8-panel:#eef4f7;--q8-ui-font:"Al-Jazeera-Arabic-Bold","Al Jazeera Arabic","Noto Kufi Arabic",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;--q8-content-font:"Greta Arabic Regular","Greta Arabic","Noto Naskh Arabic",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;--q8-ui-weight:700;--q8-ui-heavy:800}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}html{width:100%;max-width:100%;overflow-x:hidden;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%}body{width:100%;max-width:100%;overflow-x:hidden}body{margin:0;background:#fff;color:var(--q8-text);font-family:var(--q8-content-font);line-height:1.75;direction:rtl}.q8-advanced-field>span,.q8-advanced-search-hero,.q8-article-card__term,.q8-article-info,.q8-article-meta,.q8-ask 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32px));margin-inline:auto}.screen-reader-text{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.q8-breadcrumbs{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:14px 0;color:var(--q8-muted);font-size:13px}.q8-wiki-section{overflow:hidden;margin:0 0 20px;border:1px solid var(--q8-border);border-radius:4px;background:#fff}.q8-wiki-section>header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;min-height:43px;padding:8px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--q8-border);background:var(--q8-panel)}.q8-wiki-section>header h2{margin:0;font-size:19px;line-height:1.4}.q8-empty-message{margin:0;padding:22px;color:var(--q8-muted)}.q8-article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px}.q8-article-card,.q8-subcategory-card{min-width:0;border:1px solid #d4e0e8;border-radius:10px;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 3px 11px rgba(16,53,75,.05);transition:transform .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease}.q8-article-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px;align-items:center;min-height:116px;padding:12px}.q8-article-card.has-image{grid-template-columns:92px minmax(0,1fr)}.q8-article-card:hover,.q8-subcategory-card:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);border-color:#b9d0de;box-shadow:0 8px 19px rgba(16,53,75,.09)}.q8-article-card__image{display:block;width:92px;aspect-ratio:4/3;overflow:hidden;border-radius:7px;background:#eaf0f4}.q8-article-card__image img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}.q8-article-card__copy{min-width:0}.q8-article-card__term{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:4px;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:999px;background:#edf5fb;color:var(--q8-blue);font-size:10px;font-weight:800}.q8-article-card h3,.q8-article-card h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55}.q8-article-card h3 a,.q8-article-card h4 a{color:#17394c}.q8-article-card time{display:block;color:#75858f;font-size:10px}.q8-featured-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:32px;align-items:center;min-height:300px;padding:22px}.q8-featured-layout.has-image{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.35fr) minmax(340px,.75fr)}.q8-featured-copy{min-width:0;padding-inline:8px 12px}.q8-featured-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin-bottom:5px;color:#72818a;font-size:11px}.q8-featured-meta a{font-size:13px;font-weight:800}.q8-featured-meta time::before{margin-left:10px;color:#b0bdc5;content:"•"}.q8-featured-title{margin:0 0 8px;font-size:23px;line-height:1.55}.q8-featured-title a{color:var(--q8-text)}.q8-featured-excerpt{margin:0 0 11px;color:#3f4d55;font-size:14px;line-height:2}.q8-featured-image{display:block;aspect-ratio:16/9;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid #bdccd5;border-radius:9px;background:#eef3f6}.q8-featured-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}.q8-featured-related{display:grid;grid-column:1/-1;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;margin-top:2px;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid #dbe4e9}.q8-read-more{display:inline-block;padding:6px 15px;border:1px solid var(--q8-blue);border-radius:7px;background:#fff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700}.q8-ask{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr minmax(320px,500px);gap:28px;align-items:center;margin-top:20px;padding:18px 20px;border:1px solid #4f8db8;border-radius:5px;background:var(--q8-ask-custom,#2f6f9f);color:var(--q8-topic-text,#fff);box-shadow:0 5px 16px rgba(27,78,116,.12)}.q8-ask__copy{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:13px}.q8-ask__mark{display:grid;flex:0 0 42px;width:42px;height:42px;place-items:center;border-radius:4px;background:#fff;color:#2f6f9f;font-size:22px;font-weight:700}.q8-ask h2{margin:0 0 2px;font-size:21px}.q8-ask 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a{font-weight:var(--q8-ui-weight,700)}.q8-advanced-actions a,.q8-advanced-actions button,.q8-advanced-field input,.q8-advanced-field select,.q8-search-form button,.q8-search-form input{font-family:var(--q8-ui-font)}.q8-article-content,.q8-featured-excerpt,.q8-home-latest__copy p,.q8-page-content,.q8-search-result__excerpt{font-weight:400}.q8-page-content,.q8-page-content a,.q8-page-content li,.q8-page-content p{min-width:0;max-width:100%;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word}.q8-skip-link{position:fixed;z-index:100000;top:10px;right:10px;padding:10px 14px;border:2px solid #17394c;border-radius:8px;background:#fff;color:#17394c;font-family:var(--q8-ui-font);font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;transform:translateY(-160%)}.q8-skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}
.q8-site-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--q8-header-border,#d7e0e6);background:var(--q8-header-bg,#fff)}.q8-utility-bar{background:var(--q8-utility-bg,var(--q8-navy));color:#dce8ef}.q8-utility-bar>div{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;min-height:30px}.q8-utility-bar a{color:var(--q8-utility-link,#e7f0f5);font-size:11px}.q8-utility-bar a:not(:last-child){padding-left:16px;border-left:1px solid #30485e}.q8-header-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(300px,1fr);grid-template-areas:"brand search" "brand nav";gap:7px 42px;align-items:center;min-height:104px}.q8-brand{grid-area:brand;display:flex;align-items:center}.q8-brand .custom-logo-link{display:flex;align-items:center}.q8-brand .custom-logo{display:block;width:auto;max-width:var(--q8-logo-width,220px);max-height:66px}.q8-brand-text{display:flex;flex-direction:column;color:#17394c;text-decoration:none}.q8-brand-text:hover{text-decoration:none}.q8-brand-text strong{font-size:var(--q8-brand-size, 25px)}.q8-brand-text span{color:#6c7c86;font-size:12px;direction:ltr;text-align:right}.q8-header-search{grid-area:search;min-width:0;padding-top:12px}.q8-search-form{display:flex;width:100%;max-width:var(--q8-search-max,720px);margin-inline:auto}.q8-search-form input{flex:1;min-width:0;height:var(--q8-search-height,42px);padding:9px 13px;border:1px solid var(--q8-search-border,#aebdc7);border-left:0;border-radius:0 var(--q8-search-radius,4px) var(--q8-search-radius,4px) 0;background:var(--q8-search-bg,#fff);color:var(--q8-search-text,#202122);font:inherit;outline:0}.q8-search-form input::placeholder{color:var(--q8-search-placeholder,#8a959d)}.q8-search-form input:focus{border-color:var(--q8-search-focus,var(--q8-blue));box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--q8-search-focus,var(--q8-blue))}.q8-search-form button{min-width:78px;height:var(--q8-search-height,42px);border:1px solid var(--q8-search-button-border,var(--q8-blue));border-radius:var(--q8-search-radius,4px) 0 0 var(--q8-search-radius,4px);background:var(--q8-search-button-bg,#f8fbfd);color:var(--q8-search-button-text,#17394c);font:inherit;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}.q8-search-form button:hover{filter:brightness(.97)}.q8-primary-nav{grid-area:nav;display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:38px;min-width:0;white-space:nowrap}.q8-primary-nav a{position:relative;padding:5px 3px 9px;color:var(--q8-nav-link,#17394c);font-size:14px}.q8-primary-nav a:hover{color:var(--q8-nav-active,var(--q8-blue));text-decoration:none}.q8-primary-nav .is-current::after{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;height:2px;background:var(--q8-nav-active,var(--q8-blue));content:""}@media (max-width:760px){.q8-utility-bar>div{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:2px 10px;padding-block:5px}.q8-utility-bar a:not(:last-child){padding-left:10px}.q8-header-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;grid-template-areas:"brand" "search" "nav";justify-items:center;gap:10px;padding:12px 0}.q8-header-search{width:100%;padding-top:0}.q8-search-form{max-width:none}.q8-primary-nav{width:100%;justify-content:flex-start;gap:22px;overflow-x:auto}.q8-brand .custom-logo{max-height:58px}}.q8-site-header--footer-match{box-shadow:0 7px 20px rgba(7,26,46,.12)}.q8-site-header--footer-match .q8-utility-bar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--q8-header-border,#294056)}.q8-site-header--footer-match .q8-utility-bar a:not(:last-child){border-left-color:var(--q8-header-border,#294056)}.q8-site-header--footer-match .q8-brand-text{color:var(--q8-nav-active,#fff)}.q8-site-header--footer-match .q8-brand-text span{color:var(--q8-utility-link,#d9e5ed)}.q8-site-header--footer-match .q8-primary-nav a{color:var(--q8-nav-link,#e4edf3)}.q8-site-header--footer-match .q8-primary-nav .is-current,.q8-site-header--footer-match .q8-primary-nav a:focus-visible,.q8-site-header--footer-match .q8-primary-nav a:hover{color:var(--q8-nav-active,#fff)}.q8-site-header--footer-match .q8-primary-nav 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